一种基于实时几何测距的船桥主动防撞方法

本文提出一种基于实时几何测距的船桥主动防撞方法。该方法对船的改动量甚微,仅需维持多项距离矩阵,通过告警逻辑矩阵进行展示与告警,能起到很好的船桥防撞提示效果。     

Advances in statistical mechanics of rock masses and its engineering applications

To efficiently link the continuum mechanics for rocks with the structural statistics of rock masses,a theoretical and methodological system called the statistical mechanics of rock masses(SMRM)was developed in the past three decades.In SMRM,equivalent continuum models of stressestrain relationship,strength and failure probability for jointed rock masses were established,which were based on the geometric probability models characterising the rock mass structure.This follows the statistical physics,the continuum mechanics,the fracture mechanics and the weakest link hypothesis.A general constitutive model and complete stressestrain models under compressive and shear conditions were also developed as the derivatives of the SMRM theory.An SMRM calculation system was then developed to provide fast and precise solutions for parameter estimations of rock masses,such as full-direction rock quality designation(RQD),elastic modulus,Coulomb compressive strength,rock mass quality rating,and Poisson’s ratio and shear strength.The constitutive equations involved in SMRM were integrated into a FLAC3D based numerical module to apply for engineering rock masses.It is also capable of analysing the complete deformation of rock masses and active reinforcement of engineering rock masses.Examples of engineering applications of SMRM were presented,including a rock mass at QBT hydropower station in northwestern China,a dam slope of Zongo II hydropower station in D.R.Congo,an open-pit mine in Dexing,China,an underground powerhouse of Jinping I hydropower station in southwestern China,and a typical circular tunnel in Lanzhou-Chongqing railway,China.These applications verified the reliability of the SMRM and demonstrated its applicability to broad engineering issues associated with jointed rock masses.     

基于拼接缝自适应消除和全景图矫直的快速图像拼接算法

针对图像拼接存在色差过渡不均匀、图像倾斜扭曲及拼接效率低的现象，提出一种基于拼接缝自适应消除和全景图矫直的快速图像拼接算法。首先，用尺度不变特征变换（SIFT）提取图像指定区域特征点并用双向K近邻（KNN）算法进行图像配准，有效提高算法效率；其次，利用动态规划思想提出自适应公式找到最优拼接缝并用图像融合算法对其自适应消除，解决拼接缝色差过渡不均匀问题；最后，针对累积拼接误差形成全景图倾斜的现象，利用边缘检测算法提出自适应拟合四边形矫直模型，把原始全景图矫直为一个全新的全景图。所提算法与分块图像拼接和二叉树图像拼接算法相比，图像质量提升了5.84%~7.83%，拼接时间仅为原来的50%~70%。实验结果表明，该算法不仅通过自适应更新机制减少不同图像背景下拼接缝色差过渡不均匀的现象，从而提高了图像质量；而且提高了拼接效率，降低了全景图倾斜扭曲程度。     

Refractory interphase and its role on the mechanical properties of boron containing nacre-like ceramic

Bioinspired ceramics based on the nacreous part of the mother-of-pearl microstructure have been developed in recent years to produce materials with high mechanical performance. Although significant advances in terms of simplicity and scalability of the synthesis process have been achieved, the reasons behind the improvement of the mechanical properties remains to be pinpointed. Recently, the development of boron containing nacre-like refractories have offered new insights into the relationship between the interphase composition and the performance increase of nacre-like materials. Based on those achievements, this paper presents a multiscale analysis to evaluate the role of the refractory interphase on the mechanical properties of the nacre-like refractories. The results demonstrate the presence of increased residual stresses and adhesion between the alumina platelets induced by the aluminium borate second phase when compared to composition without secondary phase. These new findings provide additional information towards a better design and fabrication of high-performance nacre-like refractories.     

基于高光谱图像的改进SIFT特征提取与匹配

针对尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)算法所提取图像特征点数量少、误匹率高的问题,提出了一种基于高光谱图像的改进SIFT算法。首先,依据传统SIFT算法中高斯金字塔的构造思想,结合在不同波段下的高光谱图像具有相同宏观特征的特点,首次用高光谱图像作为原始算法中经高斯变换产生的图像,使得检测到的具有实际意义的特征点数量大幅增加;其次,传统SIFT算法以及大量的改进方法都只通过目标象元邻域范围内的像素信息来构造特征描述符,而忽略了像素点的位置信息,文中将目标象元的位置信息纳入了特征描述符,在特征描述符的匹配阶段,在利用邻域范围内的像素信息进行粗匹配之后,利用特征描述符中的位置信息进行精细匹配。仿真实验结果表明在限定最优值与次优值之比的情况下,采用高光谱图像构造高斯金字塔的方式能显著增加特征点的提取数量,更多地挖掘出图像中的极值点;在特征描述符中加入目标象元的位置信息作为特征点匹配第二阶段的判断依据,正确匹配数量达到原方法的59倍以上,极大提升了算法的匹配性能。     

Machining accuracy improvement for a dual-spindle ultra-precision drum roll lathe based on geometric error analysis and calibration

This paper performs a comprehensive analysis and calibration on the geometric error of the ultra-precision drum roll lathe with dual-spindle symmetrical structure and cross slider layout. Firstly, the volumetric error model which contains all geometric errors of the dual-spindle ultra-precision drum roll lathe (DSUPDRL) is developed based on the combination of the homogenous transfer matrix (HTM) and multi-body system (MBS) theory. Secondly, sensitivity analysis for the volumetric error model is conducted to identify the sensitive geometric error components of the DSUPDRL using an improved Sobol method based on the quasi-Monte Carlo algorithm. The result of sensitivity analysis laid the foundation for the subsequent geometric error calibration. Then, some sensitive error components along the X and Z directions are calibrated using a laser interferometer and a pair of inductance displacement probes. Besides the volumetric error model, the concentricity error caused by dual-spindle symmetrical structure is proposed and calibrated by the on-machine measurement using a classic reversal method. Finally, a large-scale roller mold with a diameter of 250 mm and a length of 600 mm is machined using the DSUPDRL after calibration. The experimental result shows that 1.4 μm/600 mm generatrix accuracy is obtained, which validate the effectiveness of the geometric error analysis and calibration.     

An improved feedrate scheduling method for NURBS interpolation in five-axis machining

Five-axis machining plays an important role in manufacturing by dint of its high efficiency and accuracy. While two rotation axes benefit the flexibility of machining, it also brings limitations and challenges. In order to further balance machining precision and efficiency, an improved feedrate scheduling method is presented considering geometric error and kinematic constraints for the Non Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) interpolation in five-axis machining. A simplification method is proposed to calculate the geometric error which describes the deviation between the ideal tool path and the real tool path induced by the non-linear movement. A linear relation between geometric error and feedrate is built to limit the feedrate. The constraints determined by single axis kinematic performance and tangential kinematic performance are also considered. Under these constraints, a constrained feedrate profile is determined. Aiming to get more constant feedrate in the difficult-to-machine areas, this work proposes a scheduling method which combines morphological filtering and S-shape acceleration/deceleration (acc/dec) mode. Simulations and experiments are performed to compare the proposed feedrate scheduling method with two previous feedrate scheduling method and the results prove that the proposed feedrate scheduling method is reliable and effective.     

A robust method for axis identification

The present paper proposes a new method for axis identification in discrete axially symmetrical geometric models. This method is based on-a-never-used-before property of the axially symmetrical surfaces for which the symmetry line of any section curve of the surface (or of a portion of it in the case of an incomplete axially symmetrical surface) always intersects the axis of symmetry of the surface. Thus the working principle of the method makes it very robust to local defectiveness, measurement noise and outliers.In order to compare it with the most cited methods presented in literature, several types of tests have been designed and performed. The robustness of those methods, on the one hand, has been evaluated by defining the Statistical Confidence Boundary at 1σ confidence level. The trueness of the method, on the other hand, has been evaluated on geometric models obtained by measuring real objects. The high robustness, which characterizes the proposed method, makes it particularly suitable for product geometric inspection where high accuracy is required.     

Quantification of the effects of geometric approximations on the performance of a vertical axis wind turbine

With the soaring energy demands, an urge to explore the alternate and renewable energy resources has become the focal point of various active research fronts. The scientific community is revisiting the inkling to tap the wind resources in more rigorous and novel ways. Recent idea of net-zero buildings has prompted the realization of novel ideas such as employment of omni-directional vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) for roof-top application etc. Generally, owing to the high computational cost and time, different levels of geometric simplifications are considered in numerical studies. It becomes very important to quantify the effect of these approximations for realistic and logical conclusions. The detailed performance of a 2.5 m diameter VAWT is sequentially presented with various levels of approximations spanning from two-dimensional to complete three-dimensional geometry. The performance along with the flow physics with focus on tip effects, spanwise flow effects, effect of supporting arms and central hub is discussed. We conclude that two-dimensional approximation can over predict the performance by 32%. Similar trend is also observed for other geometric and flow approximations.